Nataraja Temple | History, Architecture, Facts of Nataraja Temple

Nataraja Temple

The Nataraja Temple, located in Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, India, is one of the most revered and significant temples dedicated to Lord Shiva. The temple is unique for its association with the element of Akasha, or space, and its iconic depiction of Lord Shiva in his form as Nataraj, the cosmic dancer. With its rich history, intricate architecture, and cultural significance, the Nataraj Temple remains a major pilgrimage site and a symbol of devotion and artistic expression.

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History of the Nataraja Temple

According to legend, the temple was built by the Chola dynasty king, Kocengannan, in the 9th century AD. It is said that the king had a vision of Lord Shiva performing his cosmic dance, and he built the temple to commemorate the divine vision. The temple was expanded and renovated by several other Chola dynasty kings over the centuries, and it became a center of worship for Lord Shiva and a hub for art and culture in South India.

The temple's architecture is a unique blend of Chola, Pandya, and Vijayanagara styles, reflecting the different periods of its construction. The temple complex is spread over an area of 40 acres and includes several shrines, mandapams, and gopurams (towers) adorned with intricate carvings and sculptures. The main shrine of the temple houses the Nataraja idol, which is believed to be one of the most magnificent depictions of Lord Shiva in his cosmic dance form.

Apart from its religious significance, the Nataraja Temple has played a crucial role in the development of Indian art and culture. The temple has been a hub for Bharatanatyam, the classical dance form of Tamil Nadu, and has inspired many great artists and musicians over the centuries. The temple is also home to a famous library, which houses several ancient manuscripts and books on Hindu philosophy, music, and art.

Over the years, the Nataraja Temple has faced several challenges, including invasions by foreign powers and natural calamities. However, the temple has survived and thrived, thanks to the devotion of its followers and the efforts of the local community. Today, the Nataraj Temple is one of the most important pilgrimage sites in South India, attracting devotees and tourists from all over the world.

The architecture of the Nataraj Temple

The Nataraja Temple in Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, India, is known for its unique architecture, which is a blend of different styles that evolved over several centuries. The temple complex covers an area of 40 acres and includes several shrines, mandapams, and gopurams (towers) adorned with intricate carvings and sculptures.

The temple's architecture can be divided into four main sections - the eastern tower, the western tower, the northern tower, and the southern tower - each representing a different style of architecture.

The eastern tower, known as the gopuram, is the main entrance to the temple and is 40 meters high. The tower is built in the Dravidian style and is adorned with intricate carvings of gods and goddesses. The tower has thirteen tiers, each representing one of the thirteen stages of human life according to Hindu mythology.

The western tower, also known as the Rajagopuram, is the tallest tower in the temple complex, standing at a height of 49 meters. The tower is built in the Vijayanagara style and is adorned with intricate carvings of deities, celestial beings, and mythical creatures. The tower has eleven tiers, each representing one of the eleven senses according to Hindu philosophy.

The northern tower, also known as the Ganesha shrine, is built in the Chola style and houses a shrine dedicated to Lord Ganesha, the elephant-headed deity. The tower is adorned with intricate carvings of Ganesha, his consorts, and other deities.

The southern tower, also known as the Shivaganga shrine, is built in the Pandya style and houses a shrine dedicated to Lord Shiva's consort, Goddess Shivaganga. The tower is adorned with intricate carvings of the goddess, her consorts, and other deities.

The main shrine of the temple, located in the center of the complex, is known as the Chit Sabha or the Hall of Consciousness. The shrine is built in the form of a large rectangular hall and is devoid of any roof or ceiling. The hall is supported by 28 pillars, each representing the 28 nakshatras or lunar mansions according to Hindu astrology. The idol of Lord Nataraj, in his cosmic dance form, is placed in the center of the hall and is adorned with jewels, flowers, and silk clothing.

Overall, the Nataraj Temple's architecture is a testament to the rich cultural heritage and artistic traditions of South India. The temple's unique blend of styles and its intricate carvings and sculptures make it a masterpiece of Indian architecture and a must-visit destination for art and architecture enthusiasts.

Significance of the Nataraja Temple

The Nataraj Temple is of great significance to Hindus and is considered one of the most important pilgrimage sites in South India. Here are some of the key reasons why the Nataraj Temple is so significant:

1. Representation of Lord Shiva's cosmic dance: The Nataraj Temple is dedicated to Lord Shiva in his form as Nataraj, the cosmic dancer. The idol of Lord Nataraj in the temple is believed to represent Lord Shiva's dance, which is said to symbolize the cycles of creation, preservation, and destruction. The dance is also believed to represent the rhythm of life and the universe.
2. Unique architecture: The Nataraj Temple is renowned for its unique architecture, which is a blend of different styles that evolved over several centuries. The temple complex includes several shrines, mandapams, and gopurams adorned with intricate carvings and sculptures. The temple's architecture is a testament to the rich cultural heritage and artistic traditions of South India.
3. Historical and cultural significance: The Nataraj Temple has a rich history that dates back several centuries. The temple has been a hub for art and culture in South India and has played a crucial role in the development of Bharatanatyam, the classical dance form of Tamil Nadu. The temple is also home to a famous library, which houses several ancient manuscripts and books on Hindu philosophy, music, and art.
4. Spiritual significance: The Nataraj Temple is considered a powerful spiritual center and is believed to be a place where one can experience a deep connection with the divine. The temple's environment is said to be conducive to meditation and spiritual practices, and many devotees come to the temple to seek blessings and spiritual guidance.
5. Festivals and rituals: The Nataraj Temple celebrates several festivals and rituals throughout the year, including the annual Natyanjali Dance Festival, which is dedicated to Lord Nataraj and is attended by thousands of dancers and music lovers from around the world. Other festivals celebrated at the temple include Maha Shivaratri, Brahmotsavam, and Arudra Darshan.

Overall, the Nataraja Temple is of great significance to Hindus and is considered one of the most sacred and revered places in South India. Its historical, cultural, and spiritual significance, along with its unique architecture and festivals, make it a must-visit destination for anyone interested in Indian culture, spirituality, and architecture.

Amazing Facts about Nataraj Temple

The Nataraja Temple is associated with the element of Akasha, which represents space and the subtle energy that permeates the universe. The temple is believed to be the site of the Jyotirlingam, the column of fire that symbolizes the cosmic energy of Lord Shiva.

The Nataraj Temple, located in Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, India, is a marvel of architecture and engineering, as well as an important pilgrimage site for Hindus. Here are some amazing facts about this iconic temple:

1. The temple is dedicated to Lord Shiva in his form as Nataraj, the cosmic dancer. The deity is depicted in a unique dancing pose, with one leg lifted and the other on a dwarf demon, symbolizing the triumph of good over evil.
2. The temple complex covers an area of 40 acres and consists of several mandapams, or pillared halls, each with its own unique design and symbolism. The main sanctum of the temple is known as the Chit Sabha, which represents the cosmic dance hall of Lord Shiva.
3. The temple's architecture is a unique blend of Chola, Pandya, and Nayak styles, reflecting the different dynasties that have contributed to its construction and renovation over the centuries.
4. One of the unique features of the temple is the Kanaka Sabha, or Golden Hall, which is located above the sanctum sanctorum. The Golden Hall is decorated with intricate carvings and paintings, and it is said to represent the celestial realm of Lord Shiva.
5. The temple is associated with the element of Akasha, or space, which is represented by the empty space in the sanctum sanctorum. The space is believed to be the site of the Jyotirlingam, the column of fire that symbolizes the cosmic energy of Lord Shiva.
6. The temple is a hub for dance and music performances, as it is believed to be the birthplace of the Bharatanatyam dance form. The temple hosts several cultural events throughout the year, including the annual Natyanjali Dance Festival, which attracts thousands of visitors from around the world.
7. The temple's iconic Nataraja statue is made of bronze and stands at a height of 12 feet. The statue is believed to have been cast in the 9th century CE, during the reign of the Chola dynasty.
8. The temple has several smaller shrines dedicated to other deities, including Lord Vishnu, Lord Ganesha, and Goddess Durga. Each shrine has its own unique significance and symbolism.
9. The temple has been the subject of several poems and literary works, including the famous Tamil epic, the Silappadikaram, which describes the temple's splendor and cultural significance.
10. The temple is believed to be one of the five Pancha Bhoota Stalams, or temples dedicated to the five elements of nature. The Nataraja Temple is associated with the element of Akasha, while the other four temples are associated with the elements of earth, water, fire, and air.

Nataraja Temple Timings

Overall, the Nataraja Temple is a symbol of devotion, artistic expression, and cultural heritage, and it remains a source of inspiration and awe for people from all walks of life.

The Nataraja Temple in Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, India, is a popular pilgrimage site for Hindus and is open for darshan (worship) every day of the week. The temple timings for visitors are as follows:

Morning Timings:

The temple opens for darshan at 6:00 AM every day and remains open until 12:30 PM.

Afternoon Timings:

The temple reopens for darshan in the afternoon from 4:30 PM to 9:00 PM.

It is important to note that the temple may close during certain festivals or special occasions, or for cleaning and maintenance purposes. Visitors are advised to check the temple's schedule in advance to avoid any inconvenience.

In addition, the temple also has different timings for various sevas (worship services) and poojas (rituals). These timings may vary based on the day of the week or the occasion. Visitors who wish to participate in these services are advised to check with the temple authorities or the temple's official website for more information.

It is also recommended to arrive early in the morning or late in the afternoon to avoid long queues and crowds. The temple receives a large number of visitors throughout the day, especially during festivals and auspicious occasions.

Overall, the Nataraja Temple is a must-visit destination for anyone interested in Hindu culture and spirituality, and its unique architecture and cultural significance make it one of the most iconic temples in India.

Festivals of Chidambaram Nataraja Temple

The Nataraj Temple is known for its rich cultural heritage and its association with Lord Shiva in the form of Nataraj, the cosmic dancer. The temple hosts several festivals and celebrations throughout the year, some of which are:

• Natyanjali Dance Festival: This festival is held annually in the months of February or March, and it is a celebration of classical Indian dance. Dancers from all over India and the world gather at the Nataraj Temple to perform and pay their respects to Lord Nataraj.
• Brahmotsavam: This is a ten-day festival that is celebrated annually in the months of April or May. The festival marks the celebration of Lord Nataraj's coronation and the divine marriage of Lord Shiva and Parvati. The festival includes a grand procession of the deities around the temple town, cultural programs, and music concerts.
• Ani Thirumanjanam: This is a holy bath festival that takes place in the Tamil month of Ani (June-July). The deities of the temple are given a special bath with aromatic oils and perfumes, and the temple is decorated with flowers and lights.
• Aadi Perukku: This is a popular festival in Tamil Nadu, which is celebrated in the Tamil month of Aadi (July-August). The festival is a celebration of water and the monsoon season, and it is believed to bring prosperity and good fortune. Devotees take a holy dip in the river near the temple and offer prayers to Lord Nataraj.
• Margazhi Thiruvadirai: This festival is celebrated in the Tamil month of Margazhi (December-January) and is a celebration of Lord Shiva's cosmic dance. The temple is decorated with lights, and special prayers and offerings are made to Lord Nataraj.

Apart from these festivals, the temple also celebrates other important Hindu festivals like Diwali, Navratri, and Maha Shivratri with great fervor and enthusiasm. The festivals of the Nataraj Temple are a great way to experience the rich culture and traditions of Tamil Nadu and the spiritual significance of Lord Nataraj.

How to Reach Nataraja Temple

The Nataraj Temple is located in Chidambaram, a town in the Cuddalore district of Tamil Nadu, India. Here are some ways to reach the temple:

By Air:

The nearest airport to Chidambaram is the Chennai International Airport, which is located about 215 km away. From the airport, visitors can hire a taxi or take a bus to reach Chidambaram. The journey takes about 4-5 hours.

By Train:

Chidambaram has its own railway station, which is well-connected to major cities in Tamil Nadu and other parts of India. Several express and local trains run to Chidambaram, making it a convenient option for travelers.

By Road:

Chidambaram is well connected to major cities in Tamil Nadu and neighboring states by road. The town is located on National Highway 32, which connects it to cities like Chennai, Tiruchirapalli, and Thanjavur. Visitors can hire a taxi or take a bus to reach Chidambaram from nearby cities.

Local Transport:

Once in Chidambaram, visitors can take an auto-rickshaw, taxi, or local bus to reach the Nataraj Temple. The temple is located in the heart of the town and is easily accessible from anywhere in Chidambaram.

Overall, Chidambaram is a well-connected town and is easily accessible by air, train, and road. The Nataraja Temple is one of the most popular tourist destinations in the town, and visitors can expect to find several accommodation options, restaurants, and other facilities in the area.

FAQs about Nataraja Temple

Where is the Nataraja Temple located?

The Nataraja Temple is located in the town of Chidambaram, in the southern state of Tamil Nadu, India.

Who built the Nataraja Temple?

The Nataraja Temple was built by the Chola dynasty kings, who ruled the region from the 9th to the 13th century CE.

What is the significance of the Nataraja Temple?

The Nataraja Temple is one of the most important Hindu temples in India, and is dedicated to Lord Shiva in his form as the cosmic dancer, Nataraja. It is believed to be the site where Lord Shiva performed his cosmic dance, known as the tandava.

What is the architecture of the Nataraja Temple like?

The Nataraja Temple is a classic example of Dravidian architecture, and features a number of intricately carved gopurams (tower gateways), pillared halls, and shrines. The temple complex covers an area of around 40 acres, and includes five prakarams (enclosures) and four large gopurams.

What are some of the festivals celebrated at the Nataraja Temple?

The Nataraja Temple is the site of several major festivals throughout the year, including the Natyanjali Dance Festival, which is held annually in February or March to celebrate Lord Shiva's cosmic dance. Other festivals include the Arudra Darshanam, Maha Shivaratri, and Navaratri.

Can visitors take photographs inside the Nataraja Temple?

Photography is not allowed inside the inner sanctums of the temple, but is generally permitted in other areas of the temple complex. Visitors are advised to ask permission before taking photographs of people or holy objects.

What is the best time of year to visit the Nataraja Temple?

The Nataraja Temple can be visited year-round, but the best time to visit is during the winter months (November to February), when the weather is cooler and more pleasant. The temple can be crowded during major festivals, so visitors should plan accordingly.